Ozone Hole heaading for a record?

The ozone hole over Antartactica is heading into record territory according to early reports. Its early days yet the ozone hole, which has formed every year for the last 30 years or so, is currenly on track to reach the size of the 1996 and 2000 holes which are the largest on record. Its probable that there is a maximum size imposed by the dynamics of global circulation that means it can't get any bigger. But this doesn't mean that it is not having a cumulative affect. Go to the TOMS site where there is an archive of ozone levels and compare any given day over the 15 odd years of records(be aware that the color coding changes a couple of times). You will notice that over the temperate region of the southern hemisphere ozone levels have been falling year in and year out.

More worrylingly perhaps is the fact that as far as the southern ozone hole the 1993 Montreal Protocol seems to be having little impact. Although this is hailed as a success there are a number of glaring loopholes . The impact of shuttle launches and their fuel pollution in particular the NOx gas; the impact of Methyl Bromide which is still widely used; the impact of CFC production that has probably contunied illegally in the 3rd World; and lastly, the impact of PFC's that have been untouched by the Montreal protocol yet will be one of the most persistent long term causes of ozone destruction around.

As the ozone hole gets arger and ozone level fall generally, two things happen. One is this exacerbates global woarming and the second is that it increases the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation that reaches the ground. This has a number of consequences -it causes an increase in sunburn in fair skinned people; it cause an increae in melanoma and other skin cancers in susceptible animals; it causes an increase in the rate of fungal and viral disease in plants and animals because of the genetic damage of the UV to surface cells in most organisms.

But don't worry it's all part of the grand design.

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Roundup kills frogs

The effect of Roundup herbicide on frog populations has been a source of concern for some time. An Australian study found that the critical issue was the surfactant(synthetic soap) that the Roundup is dissolved in that was the problem. A new series of studies on North American frogs has confirmed the toxicity of Roundup. Rick Relyea Laboriatories have reported that these frogs were 10 times more susceptible to Roundup than the frogs used in the Australian studies.

These results suggest that the Australian studies may have inadvertently underestimated the risk of Roundup and that more speices of frogs should be studied in Australia to determine the risk.

Frog species are in rapid decline around the world.

As Rick Relyea points out most frogs don't breed in large ponds where there are predators but in small ephemeral pools and puddles. The latter are often inadvertently or deliberately sprayed to control weeds. Rural drains and channels around Albany are frequently sprayed to control weeds.

Frog populations around Albany have been declining for a number of years. Some of this decline may be attributed to drier winters and land clearing but at least some of it may be attributed to herbicides like Roundup.

What I want to know is why we're nt using it on the CaneToad???

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